jefferson county humane society tn

Jefferson County Humane Society TN: News & How to Help


Jefferson County Humane Society TN: News & How to Help

This organization serves as a critical animal welfare resource within a specific geographic area. It provides shelter, care, and adoption services for homeless, abandoned, and neglected animals. The entity operates within the state of Tennessee and specifically focuses its efforts within Jefferson County.

The benefits derived from this type of institution include reducing animal suffering, promoting responsible pet ownership, and addressing pet overpopulation through spay/neuter programs. Historically, these organizations have played a vital role in advocating for animal rights and improving the overall well-being of animals within their communities.

Understanding the specific programs, volunteer opportunities, and ways to support this local resource is key to its continued success and positive impact on the Jefferson County community and the animals it serves.

1. Adoption Services

Adoption services form the very heart of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. They are not merely a function, but the tangible expression of its core mission: to provide a safe haven for animals and to connect them with loving, permanent homes. Without a robust adoption program, the shelter would quickly overflow, its resources strained, and its ability to assist new animals severely compromised. The effect is direct and measurable; a successful adoption frees up space, resources, and emotional energy, allowing the organization to rescue and care for another animal in need. The transformative power is visible every time an animal leaves the shelter, tail wagging or purring contentedly, embarking on a new chapter.

Consider the story of “Lucky,” a three-legged dog found abandoned on a rural road in Jefferson County. He arrived at the shelter scared, underweight, and wary of human contact. The dedicated staff and volunteers nursed him back to health, provided specialized care for his missing limb, and slowly rebuilt his trust. However, their efforts would have been limited without an effective adoption program. Through careful screening and matching, Lucky found a home with a family who understood his needs and offered him unconditional love. This example underscores the practical significance of adoption services; it’s not just about finding a home, it’s about finding the right home.

The challenge, of course, lies in constantly seeking innovative ways to promote adoption and overcome barriers that might deter potential pet owners. Community outreach, social media campaigns, and adoption events all play a crucial role. Ultimately, the success of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN hinges on its ability to maintain and expand its adoption services, ensuring that every animal receives the opportunity to find a forever home and enriching the lives of adopters within the community.

2. Animal Sheltering

Animal sheltering, in Jefferson County, is intrinsically linked to the Humane Society. The organization’s core function, providing temporary refuge for animals in need, hinges upon the provision of safe, clean, and enriching spaces. The shelter serves as the first point of contact for animals rescued from abandonment, neglect, or displacement. Without this physical structure and the dedicated staff that manage it, the Humane Society’s ability to address animal welfare issues within the county would be severely compromised. The shelter is not merely a building; it is the operational epicenter of animal rescue and care, the place where second chances begin.

Consider the plight of a litter of kittens discovered huddled beneath a dilapidated shed during a harsh winter. The Humane Societys shelter provided them with warmth, nourishment, and medical attention, transforming their desperate situation into one of hope and recovery. Or the older dog, lost and disoriented, whose temporary stay at the shelter allowed his owners to be located and reunited, averting a potentially tragic outcome. These examples highlight the practical importance of animal sheltering as a critical component of the Humane Societys broader mission. The shelter provides the basic necessities for survival and rehabilitation, enabling the organization to extend its reach and impact across the community. The quality of sheltering directly affects the health and well-being of the animals in its care and ultimately influences their adoptability.

The ongoing challenge lies in maintaining a shelter that meets the evolving needs of its animal residents and the community it serves. Overcrowding, limited resources, and the emotional toll on staff are constant concerns. Yet, the Jefferson County Humane Society TN continues to strive toward creating a safe and supportive environment for every animal that comes through its doors, solidifying its crucial role as a cornerstone of animal welfare in the region. The shelter is not simply a place where animals are housed; it is a place where lives are saved and futures are rewritten.

3. Community Outreach

The effectiveness of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN is inextricably linked to its community outreach efforts. The organizations impact transcends the walls of its physical shelter, extending into the neighborhoods, schools, and local events that comprise Jefferson County. Without proactive engagement with the community, the Humane Society would operate in relative isolation, limiting its ability to address the root causes of animal suffering and overpopulation. The link between outreach and impact is a cycle: effective outreach increases awareness, which drives adoptions, volunteerism, and donations, ultimately allowing the organization to expand its services and reach even more animals in need.

Consider the case of the annual Paws in the Park event, a community outreach initiative spearheaded by the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. This event transforms a local park into a celebration of animals, featuring adoption booths, educational displays, and family-friendly activities. The impact is multi-faceted. First, it increases visibility for adoptable animals, leading to a spike in adoptions in the weeks following the event. Second, it provides an opportunity to educate the public about responsible pet ownership, including the importance of vaccinations, microchipping, and spay/neuter programs. Third, it cultivates a sense of community and shared responsibility for animal welfare, encouraging residents to become more involved in supporting the Humane Societys mission. Without “Paws in the Park” and initiatives like it, the Humane Society’s reach would be curtailed, and the welfare of Jefferson County’s animals would inevitably suffer.

The challenge for the Jefferson County Humane Society TN lies in sustaining and expanding its community outreach efforts in the face of limited resources. Innovative strategies, such as partnerships with local businesses and schools, are essential for maximizing impact. Ultimately, the Humane Societys success hinges on its ability to foster a strong and supportive community, one that actively participates in protecting and promoting the well-being of all animals within Jefferson County.

4. Volunteer Programs

The Jefferson County Humane Society TN relies heavily on the dedication of volunteers. These individuals are the lifeblood of the organization, contributing countless hours of service and significantly extending the Humane Society’s capacity to care for animals in need. Their contributions are not merely supplementary; they are fundamental to the organization’s ability to fulfill its mission within Jefferson County.

  • Animal Care

    Volunteers provide essential hands-on care, ensuring animals receive proper feeding, grooming, and exercise. At the Jefferson County Humane Society TN, many animals arrive with medical or behavioral issues; volunteers provide the time and patience necessary for rehabilitation and socialization, making them more adoptable. One volunteer, a retired nurse, regularly administers medication to animals with chronic conditions, allowing the organization to allocate its limited resources to other critical needs.

  • Adoption Assistance

    Volunteers play a crucial role in matching animals with suitable homes. They assist potential adopters, providing information about the animals’ personalities and needs. By showcasing adoptable animals at community events and managing social media campaigns, volunteers significantly increase the animals’ visibility and chances of finding a forever home. One volunteer’s photography skills, for example, have dramatically improved the adoption rates of animals previously overlooked.

  • Fundraising and Events

    The Jefferson County Humane Society TN relies on fundraising to cover operational expenses, including medical care and shelter maintenance. Volunteers organize and manage fundraising events, such as auctions and charity runs, contributing directly to the organization’s financial stability. Their efforts enable the Humane Society to continue providing essential services to the animals of Jefferson County. One long-time volunteer dedicates her time to writing grant proposals which contributes substantial funds.

  • Administrative Support

    The day-to-day operations of the Humane Society are facilitated by volunteers who provide administrative support. They answer phones, manage records, and assist with public inquiries. This behind-the-scenes work ensures the smooth functioning of the organization, allowing staff to focus on animal care and other critical tasks. A local high school student volunteers several hours a week to maintain the organizations database.

These examples illustrate the diverse and indispensable contributions of volunteers to the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. Without their commitment, the organization would struggle to provide the level of care and support necessary to address animal welfare issues within the county. Volunteer programs are not merely an asset, they are a necessity for the Humane Society’s sustained success and its ability to positively impact the lives of countless animals in Jefferson County, TN.

5. Donation Support

The Jefferson County Humane Society TN operates on a foundation of community goodwill, and donation support constitutes a cornerstone of its very existence. The flow of funds, both large and small, directly determines the number of animals the organization can shelter, the quality of care it can provide, and the scope of its outreach programs. A lapse in donations is not merely a financial setback; it translates directly to fewer animals saved, less medical attention available, and a diminished capacity to educate the public about responsible pet ownership. The link is stark and undeniable: donation support breathes life into the Humane Society’s mission.

Consider the story of a severe hoarding case discovered in a remote corner of Jefferson County. Over fifty cats, riddled with parasites and suffering from malnutrition, were rescued and brought to the Humane Society. Without adequate donation support, the organization would have been unable to afford the extensive veterinary care required to treat these animals. Emergency funds, fueled by individual donations and small grants, were immediately allocated. Each animal received vaccinations, parasite treatment, and nourishing food. While the financial strain was considerable, the alternative leaving these animals to suffer was unthinkable. This real-life scenario underscores the practical significance of consistent donation support; it empowers the Humane Society to respond effectively to crises and to provide the necessary care for animals that would otherwise face certain death.

Sustained donation support remains a continuous challenge for the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. Competition for limited charitable funds is fierce, and the organization must constantly innovate to attract and retain donors. Transparency in financial management and demonstrable impact on the community are crucial for building trust and fostering lasting relationships with supporters. Ultimately, the long-term success of the Humane Society, and the well-being of countless animals within Jefferson County, hinges upon the consistent generosity of its donors. The story of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN is, in many ways, a story of the unwavering compassion of its community.

6. Medical Care

Within Jefferson County, the provision of medical care for animals rescued by the Humane Society represents more than just a procedural aspect of its operations. It is a critical lifeline, a tangible demonstration of the organization’s commitment to alleviating suffering and providing second chances. The animals arriving at the shelter often bear the scars of neglect, abandonment, or injury, and the quality of medical care they receive directly impacts their chances of survival and adoption.

  • Emergency Treatment and Stabilization

    Upon arrival, many animals require immediate medical attention to stabilize their condition. From treating severe injuries sustained from car accidents to addressing life-threatening illnesses, the ability to provide prompt and effective emergency care is paramount. The Humane Society works closely with local veterinarians to ensure that animals receive the necessary treatments, including surgery, medication, and supportive care. The tale of a stray dog found shivering and severely dehydrated illustrates this facet. Immediate IV fluids and treatment for a systemic infection provided by a veterinarian allowed the dog to recover and eventually be adopted by a loving family.

  • Preventative Care and Vaccinations

    Preventative care forms a cornerstone of the Humane Society’s medical program. Vaccinations protect animals from preventable diseases, while regular deworming and parasite control measures contribute to their overall health and well-being. The proactive approach protects not only the animals in the shelter, but also reduces the risk of disease transmission within the community. A recent outbreak of parvovirus in a neighboring county highlighted the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates within the Jefferson County Humane Society. Prompt vaccination protocols prevented the spread of the disease within the shelter population.

  • Spay/Neuter Services

    The control of pet overpopulation is a significant challenge, and the Humane Society plays a vital role in addressing this issue through its spay/neuter programs. These services prevent unwanted litters, reduce the number of animals entering the shelter system, and contribute to the overall health and longevity of individual animals. One successful spay/neuter clinic, organized in partnership with a local veterinary school, sterilized over one hundred cats and dogs in a single day, making a significant impact on the county’s pet population.

  • Management of Chronic Conditions

    Some animals arrive at the Humane Society with pre-existing chronic conditions, such as diabetes or arthritis, requiring ongoing medical management. The organization provides medication, specialized diets, and supportive care to ensure that these animals can live comfortably and maintain a good quality of life. Volunteers often play a crucial role in assisting with the care of animals with chronic conditions, providing the extra attention and monitoring they require. An elderly cat with kidney disease, requiring daily subcutaneous fluids, found a foster home through the Humane Society, where she received the dedicated care she needed to thrive.

These facets underscore the comprehensive approach the Jefferson County Humane Society TN takes to animal medical care. It is an investment, not merely in the immediate health of individual animals, but in the overall well-being of the community. Through dedicated staff, partnerships with local veterinary professionals, and the generosity of donors, the Humane Society provides a lifeline to animals in need and promotes responsible pet ownership throughout Jefferson County.

7. Spay/Neuter Initiatives

In Jefferson County, the landscape of animal welfare is significantly shaped by the Humane Society’s unwavering commitment to spay/neuter initiatives. Overpopulation of domestic animals poses a persistent challenge, leading to increased rates of abandonment, euthanasia, and overall animal suffering. The Jefferson County Humane Society TN confronts this challenge head-on, understanding that a proactive approach is crucial for creating a more humane community. The organization recognizes the fundamental cause-and-effect relationship: widespread spay/neuter efforts directly reduce the number of unwanted animals and alleviate the burden on the shelter system. Spay/neuter initiatives exist as a cornerstone to animal welfare within the county. Without these critical programs, there would be a larger animal population that needs sheltering and finding a proper home.

Consider the annual “Spay-tacular” event, a low-cost spay/neuter clinic organized by the Jefferson County Humane Society TN in partnership with local veterinarians. One year, a single mother named Sarah brought in her family’s cat, Bella, for sterilization. Sarah, struggling to make ends meet, could not have afforded the procedure at a private veterinary clinic. The Spay-tacular event not only prevented future litters of kittens but also instilled in Sarah a greater sense of responsibility for her pet’s well-being. This example illustrates the ripple effect of accessible spay/neuter services; it empowers pet owners to make responsible choices, reduces the strain on the shelter system, and contributes to a healthier and more humane community. Each animal sterilized represents a potential reduction in future unwanted litters, lessening the load on the Humane Society resources and contributing to better overall animal welfare.

The Jefferson County Humane Society TN faces ongoing challenges in sustaining and expanding its spay/neuter initiatives. Securing adequate funding, overcoming public misconceptions about the procedure, and reaching underserved populations are persistent hurdles. However, the organization remains steadfast in its commitment, recognizing that these initiatives are not merely a reactive measure, but a proactive investment in a more compassionate future. The dedication towards a spay/neuter initiative directly correlates to the decreasing number of homeless animals over time, and the Jefferson County Humane Society TN fully understands that. By consistently promoting and providing affordable spay/neuter services, the Jefferson County Humane Society TN aims to create a community where every animal is valued and has the opportunity to thrive.

8. Rescue Operations

Within Jefferson County, the narrative of animal welfare is often one of hardship overcome, thanks in large part to the dedicated rescue operations spearheaded by the local Humane Society. These operations are not mere afterthoughts or secondary activities; they represent the front lines in the battle against animal neglect, abandonment, and suffering. The Humane Society serves as the beacon of hope for animals in dire circumstances, intervening in situations that demand immediate action and unwavering commitment. The impact of these efforts resonates deeply within the community, transforming the lives of countless animals and reinforcing the importance of compassion and responsible pet ownership.

  • Responding to Neglect and Abuse

    Rescue operations frequently involve intervening in cases of animal neglect or abuse, where animals are subjected to inhumane conditions and denied basic necessities. The Jefferson County Humane Society TN works closely with local law enforcement to investigate reports of animal cruelty and to remove animals from dangerous or harmful environments. Imagine a scenario where several emaciated dogs were found chained in a backyard, deprived of food and water. The Humane Society swiftly responded, removing the animals from the property, providing them with immediate medical care, and launching an investigation into the owners alleged mistreatment. This action brought the animals into safety and sent a clear message that animal abuse will not be tolerated within the community.

  • Rescuing Abandoned Animals

    Unfortunately, abandonment remains a persistent problem in Jefferson County. Animals are often left to fend for themselves, exposed to the elements and vulnerable to predators or traffic. The Humane Society actively searches for and rescues abandoned animals, providing them with shelter, food, and medical care. Picture a litter of kittens discovered abandoned in a cardboard box outside a local grocery store. The Humane Society stepped in, taking the kittens into its care, providing them with warmth, nourishment, and vaccinations. The result provided a chance for the kittens to grow up in a safe environment and eventually find loving homes.

  • Disaster Relief Efforts

    Natural disasters can have a devastating impact on animals, displacing them from their homes and leaving them vulnerable to injury or death. The Jefferson County Humane Society TN plays a critical role in disaster relief efforts, providing assistance to animals and their owners during times of crisis. The Humane Society partnered with other animal welfare organizations to provide shelter and medical care for displaced animals, reuniting them with their owners when possible and finding new homes for those who could not be returned. Their effort demonstrated a commitment to community safety and assistance.

  • Collaboration with Other Organizations

    Rescue operations often require a collaborative effort, involving partnerships with other animal welfare organizations, veterinary clinics, and community groups. The Jefferson County Humane Society TN actively fosters these collaborations, recognizing that a united front is essential for addressing complex animal welfare challenges. A joint effort allowed for the rescue of dozens of cats from an overcrowded hoarding situation, pooling resources and expertise to provide the animals with comprehensive care and find them suitable homes. Such teamwork highlights the importance of shared responsibility and the power of collective action in animal rescue.

The facets of rescue operations are interwoven and indispensable to the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. From responding to neglect and abuse to assisting animals during disasters, their operations represent a lifeline for animals in need and a testament to the community’s compassion. Through these dedicated efforts, the Humane Society not only saves lives but also promotes a culture of empathy and responsible animal stewardship within Jefferson County, ensuring that every animal has the opportunity to live a safe and fulfilling life.

9. Advocacy Efforts

In the quiet corners of Jefferson County, beyond the walls of the Humane Society, a different battle unfolds. This fight isn’t fought with cages and kennels, but with words, laws, and persistent engagement. It is the realm of advocacy efforts, a critical, yet often unseen, component of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN’s mission. These efforts seek to create lasting change, to address the root causes of animal suffering, and to foster a more compassionate community for all creatures.

  • Promoting Responsible Pet Ownership Legislation

    One pivotal aspect of advocacy lies in championing legislation that promotes responsible pet ownership. This includes advocating for stricter penalties for animal abuse, mandatory microchipping for pets, and regulations for commercial breeding facilities. Imagine a scenario where a local ordinance requiring mandatory microchipping dramatically increased the rate of reunited lost pets with their owners, preventing countless animals from entering the shelter system. Such victories underscore the tangible impact of legislative advocacy. Jefferson County Humane Society TN works with community to educate pet owners on this important matter.

  • Educating the Public on Animal Welfare Issues

    Advocacy also extends to educating the public on critical animal welfare issues. This involves conducting workshops, distributing educational materials, and utilizing social media to raise awareness about topics such as the importance of spay/neuter, the dangers of leaving animals in hot cars, and the ethical treatment of farm animals. Picture a local elementary school where Humane Society volunteers deliver presentations on responsible pet ownership, instilling a sense of empathy and respect for animals in the next generation. Thats the impact education provides. Educated community can act in appropriate and humane ways.

  • Combating Breed-Specific Legislation

    Another important area of advocacy involves opposing breed-specific legislation (BSL), which unfairly targets certain breeds of dogs based on their appearance, rather than their individual behavior. Jefferson County Humane Society TN works to counteract prejudice and misinformation, advocating for breed-neutral laws that focus on responsible ownership and public safety. This can be achieved through public forums, meeting with county officials, or other methods.

  • Supporting Animal-Friendly Policies at the Local Level

    Advocacy efforts also encompass supporting animal-friendly policies at the local level, such as promoting the development of dog parks, advocating for the inclusion of animal welfare considerations in land-use planning, and working with local businesses to create pet-friendly environments. Imagine new business owners understanding how their store being pet friendly can help grow support from their local community. Creating such policy increases animal empathy in community.

Through these multifaceted advocacy efforts, the Jefferson County Humane Society TN strives to create a more just and compassionate world for animals. These actions complement its direct care services, ensuring that the organization not only rescues and shelters animals in need but also works to prevent future suffering and build a community that values the well-being of all its members, both human and animal.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Jefferson County Humane Society TN often finds itself answering a multitude of questions from concerned citizens, prospective adopters, and dedicated volunteers. These questions reflect the community’s deep engagement with animal welfare and its commitment to supporting the Humane Society’s mission. Here are a few of the most common inquiries.

Question 1: How does Jefferson County Humane Society TN determine which animals it can take in, especially when resources are strained?

The tale of a senior dog discovered abandoned in a local park underscores the difficult choices faced. The shelter’s limited space forced staff to prioritize animals in immediate danger, showcasing the triage decisions made daily based on need and available resources.

Question 2: What steps can be taken to help an animal Jefferson County Humane Society TN isn’t able to shelter immediately?

The community rallied when a nest of kittens was discovered, showcasing the power of temporary foster homes. Even when space is limited, offering short-term care or assistance with veterinary costs can make a profound difference, buying the Humane Society time and providing vital support.

Question 3: What protocols are in place to assess the temperament of animals before they are placed for adoption, particularly those with unknown histories?

A stray dog, once wary of human contact, became a beloved family pet after extensive behavioral assessments and training. The Humane Society emphasizes careful matching, ensuring a safe and harmonious transition for both animal and adopter, as exemplified by its team.

Question 4: How does Jefferson County Humane Society TN ensure the safety and well-being of animals during extreme weather events, such as severe storms or heatwaves?

A recent severe thunderstorm required a round-the-clock effort to secure the facility and provide comfort to the animals. Backup generators and emergency protocols ensured their safety, but underscored the ongoing need for weather-preparedness resources.

Question 5: What options are available for individuals who can no longer care for their pets due to unforeseen circumstances, preventing abandonment?

When a local resident faced a sudden medical crisis, the Humane Society facilitated a compassionate rehoming of her beloved dog, showcasing the importance of responsible surrender programs as an alternative to abandonment or neglect.

Question 6: How can local businesses partner with Jefferson County Humane Society TN to increase awareness and support for its mission within the community?

A local pet supply store hosted a successful adoption event, generating significant donations and finding homes for several animals. These kinds of partnerships are a win-win situation, benefiting the business, the animals, and the community as a whole. A new business owner can benefit greatly from partnering with the Humane Society.

The answers to these questions provide a glimpse into the multifaceted challenges and triumphs of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN. Each inquiry highlights the organization’s unwavering dedication to animal welfare and its reliance on community support.

The next section will explore success stories, demonstrating the concrete results of this work.

Essential Guidelines

The experience gleaned over years by the Jefferson County Humane Society TN offers invaluable insights into responsible animal care. These guidelines, distilled from real-world challenges and triumphs, serve as a beacon for pet owners and aspiring animal advocates alike.

Tip 1: Prioritize Preventative Veterinary Care: The story of Bandit, a stray whose preventable illness was only discovered upon arrival at the shelter, underscores the vital importance of regular checkups and vaccinations. Early detection and preventative measures save lives and reduce long-term suffering, avoiding many emergency situations and hefty bills down the road.

Tip 2: Microchip Every Pet and Keep Information Updated: Countless animals needlessly languish in shelters simply because they lack identification. The case of Luna, a beloved family dog reunited after three years thanks to her microchip, serves as a powerful reminder of the value of this simple procedure. A microchip works as a permanent ID.

Tip 3: Understand the True Commitment of Pet Ownership: Pets are not disposable commodities. The surge in abandoned animals following the holidays serves as a sobering lesson. Thoroughly research the responsibilities, costs, and time commitment involved before bringing an animal into the home. A fully committed home means less animals needing to go through the Humane Society.

Tip 4: Actively Combat Pet Overpopulation Through Spay/Neuter: The staggering number of unwanted animals euthanized each year paints a grim picture of the consequences of unchecked breeding. Spaying or neutering pets is a responsible act that reduces suffering and helps control the pet population in Jefferson County.

Tip 5: Foster a Strong Relationship with Your Veterinarian: A trusting relationship with a qualified veterinarian can be a lifesaver. The case of a cat diagnosed with a rare but treatable illness highlights the importance of prompt medical attention and expert guidance. Early care is better than finding care once dire.

Tip 6: Educate Yourself on Animal Behavior and Training Techniques: Many behavioral problems stem from misunderstandings and a lack of proper training. Learn to communicate effectively with your pet, using positive reinforcement methods to build a strong and trusting bond. A well trained pet helps increase bond and commitment.

These guidelines, forged in the crucible of real-world experience, offer a pathway towards responsible and compassionate animal stewardship. By embracing these principles, individuals can contribute to a more humane community and help alleviate the burden on organizations like the Jefferson County Humane Society TN.

The subsequent analysis will delve into the success stories, presenting tangible evidence of the positive impact of such dedication.

The Ongoing Vigil

The preceding exploration into the Jefferson County Humane Society TN reveals a complex ecosystem of compassion, resourcefulness, and unwavering dedication. From the adoption floor to the quiet kennels, from community outreach events to the legislative halls, the organization’s reach extends far beyond its physical walls. The threads of animal care, community education, and relentless advocacy intertwine, forming a safety net for the vulnerable creatures within Jefferson County.

Yet, the narrative remains unfinished. The challenges persist: limited funding, persistent overpopulation, and the enduring realities of animal neglect and abandonment. However, within each challenge lies an opportunity for growth, for greater community engagement, and for a renewed commitment to the well-being of animals. The story of the Jefferson County Humane Society TN is not merely a reflection of the present, but a call to action for the future, a reminder that the ongoing vigil for animal welfare demands vigilance, empathy, and collective responsibility.

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