TN Gun Laws: What's New & Your Rights

Regulations pertaining to firearms within the state establish parameters for ownership, possession, carrying, and usage. These regulations encompass various aspects, including background checks, permit requirements, and restrictions on specific types of weapons or accessories. For example, the state outlines procedures for obtaining a handgun carry permit and defines prohibited locations where firearms are not allowed.

The establishment and enforcement of these regulations are intended to balance the right to bear arms with the imperative to ensure public safety. Historically, the evolution of these regulations has reflected changing societal concerns and legal interpretations. Understanding these regulations is vital for individuals to remain compliant with state law, promoting responsible firearm ownership and potentially reducing incidents of gun violence.

This article will explore various facets of these regulations, including permit acquisition processes, open and concealed carry provisions, restrictions on specific firearms, and the legal ramifications of violating these laws. Further examination will also address the interplay between state and federal regulations, as well as recent legislative developments impacting firearm ownership within the state.

1. Permit Requirements

Within the tapestry of firearm regulations in Tennessee, permit requirements represent a critical thread. These stipulations dictate who may legally carry a handgun, openly or concealed, and under what conditions. The existence of these requirements stems directly from the state’s broader effort to regulate firearms, acting as a gatekeeper to responsible firearm ownership. A cause-and-effect relationship is readily apparent: the aim of enhanced public safety necessitates permit protocols, thereby influencing individual access to handguns. The importance of this component cannot be overstated; these protocols are a tangible expression of the state’s authority to govern firearm possession.

Consider the scenario of an individual seeking a concealed carry permit. That person must navigate a process involving background checks, firearms safety training, and submission of an application to the relevant authorities. Failure to meet any of these requirements results in permit denial, effectively preventing the individual from legally carrying a concealed handgun. This process, while potentially burdensome to some, serves as a buffer, aimed to prevent firearms from falling into the hands of individuals with criminal histories, mental health concerns, or a lack of proper training. This system impacts not only the individual seeking the permit, but also society at large.

The nuances of permit requirements are complex. The legal landscape requires constant vigilance and understanding. Therefore, understanding these requirements is paramount. Their very existence and enforcement are integral to the effectiveness of Tennessee’s system of firearm governance. Challenges undoubtedly remain, including navigating the application process, keeping abreast of evolving regulations, and upholding the responsibilities that accompany firearm ownership. However, such challenges are intrinsic to the balance between individual rights and community well-being that defines firearm regulation in a free society.

2. Background Checks

The narrative of Tennessee’s firearm regulation is inextricably linked to background checks, a vital plot point in the larger story. Consider them the vetting process, the guardian at the gate ensuring that firearms do not readily fall into the hands of those deemed unfit under the law. The cause-and-effect is plain: a commitment to public safety mandates scrutiny, and background checks are the implemented mechanism. They serve as a screen, theoretically filtering out convicted felons, those with specific domestic violence convictions, and individuals adjudicated mentally incompetent. The importance of background checks within the state’s firearm regulations cannot be overstated; they represent a tangible, albeit imperfect, attempt to mitigate gun violence.

A case unfolded several years ago in a rural county. A man with a history of domestic violence attempted to purchase a handgun. The background check system, triggered by his prior conviction, flagged the sale. The transaction was denied. While this instance represents a success story, it also highlights the limitations. Private sales, for instance, often bypass this safeguard, creating a potential loophole. The practical significance lies in the realization that background checks, though crucial, are merely one component of a multifaceted effort. They require continuous refinement, expansion to cover more transaction types, and better inter-agency communication to be truly effective.

The story continues, unfolding with each legislative session and each incident of gun violence. The challenge lies in striking a balance: ensuring that background checks are thorough enough to prevent dangerous individuals from acquiring firearms, while not unduly infringing upon the rights of law-abiding citizens. Ultimately, the narrative surrounding background checks within Tennessees firearm regulations is one of ongoing debate, persistent challenges, and the unwavering pursuit of a safer community.

3. Open Carry

The narrative of firearm regulation in Tennessee finds a focal point in the concept of Open Carry the visible carrying of a handgun, often on one’s hip, without the need for a permit under certain circumstances. The legal permission for this practice exists within a complex interplay of statutes and interpretations, making it a subject of ongoing discussion and, at times, confusion. The ability to openly carry a handgun represents a distinct aspect of Tennessee’s approach to the right to bear arms, offering a contrasting approach to the more regulated realm of concealed carry. Its presence within the framework of Tennessee law invites further exploration of its nuances, legal precedents, and practical implications.

• Constitutional Foundation and Statutory Provisions

  The right to openly carry a firearm traces its roots to interpretations of the Second Amendment and state constitutional provisions. Tennessee law, as interpreted by courts and legal scholars, allows for open carry without a permit for individuals who are at least 18 years old and otherwise legally allowed to possess a firearm. This allowance is contingent on compliance with other relevant laws, such as restrictions on carrying firearms in certain prohibited locations.

• The Absence of a Permit Requirement

  Unlike concealed carry, open carry generally does not require a permit in Tennessee. This distinction is a cornerstone of the state’s firearm laws, offering a less restrictive avenue for law-abiding citizens to exercise their right to bear arms. The absence of a permit requirement, however, does not imply a complete lack of regulation. Individuals who openly carry are still subject to laws governing firearm possession, transportation, and use.

• Navigating Prohibited Locations

  Even in the context of permitless open carry, Tennessee law designates certain locations where firearms are strictly prohibited. These typically include schools, courthouses, and other government buildings. A misstep in this arena carries legal consequences, underscoring the importance of understanding and adhering to location-specific restrictions. The responsibility rests upon the individual to know and abide by these limitations, reinforcing the idea that the right to open carry is not absolute.

• Interactions with Law Enforcement

  The act of openly carrying a firearm can, understandably, draw attention from law enforcement. While legal, it may prompt officers to engage with the individual to verify their identity and confirm their legal right to possess the firearm. Such interactions highlight the importance of remaining calm, cooperative, and knowledgeable about one’s rights under Tennessee law. Respectful and informed communication can help ensure a smooth and lawful encounter.

These facets of open carry, viewed through the lens of Tennessee firearm regulations, reveal a system that seeks to balance individual freedoms with concerns for public safety. While open carry offers a pathway for exercising the right to bear arms without a permit, it remains subject to a web of legal restrictions and practical considerations. The ongoing discourse surrounding this issue reflects the broader debate over firearm regulation in Tennessee and the perpetual challenge of reconciling competing interests.

4. Concealed Carry

In Tennessee, the matter of concealing a handgun on one’s person is carefully interwoven with the fabric of firearm regulations. It is a space governed not by absolute right, but by a system of permissions, requirements, and restrictions. Unlike the more straightforward allowance of open carry in many situations, concealing a weapon places the individual squarely within a framework of state oversight. It necessitates engagement with a bureaucratic process, adherence to prescribed training, and acceptance of ongoing responsibilities. The act of concealment, in this context, becomes a deliberate choice to participate in a regulated system, a path shaped by the legislature and interpreted by the courts.

• The Permit as Permission

  The Tennessee handgun carry permit stands as the central pillar supporting the legal practice of concealed carry. It is not merely a card or certificate; it is the embodiment of the state’s consent. Obtaining this permit requires navigating a process designed to assess the applicant’s suitability to carry a concealed weapon. Background checks delve into criminal history and mental health records, while mandated training courses impart knowledge of firearm safety and relevant laws. Successful completion of these hurdles grants the individual the legal authority to conceal a handgun, a privilege that can be revoked for non-compliance or misuse. The permit, therefore, represents a conditional grant of power, subject to ongoing adherence to state regulations.

• Reciprocity: Navigating State Lines

  The implications of a Tennessee handgun carry permit extend beyond the state’s borders through reciprocity agreements with other states. These agreements allow Tennessee permit holders to legally carry concealed handguns in participating states, subject to those states’ laws and restrictions. This patchwork of reciprocity creates a complex landscape for the traveling gun owner. What is legal in Tennessee may be prohibited in a neighboring state, requiring careful research and awareness. The absence of national uniformity places the onus on the individual to understand and comply with the varying regulations across state lines, a task that demands diligence and attention to detail.

• Restricted Zones: The Limits of Concealment

  Even with a valid handgun carry permit, the right to conceal a weapon is not absolute. Tennessee law designates specific locations where firearms are prohibited, regardless of permit status. Schools, courthouses, and certain government buildings are often included in these restricted zones. Entering these areas with a concealed handgun can result in criminal charges, underscoring the importance of knowing and respecting these boundaries. These restrictions represent a deliberate attempt to balance the right to self-defense with the need to maintain safety and security in sensitive locations, a compromise that reflects the ongoing tension between individual rights and community well-being.

• The Duty to Disclose: Interactions with Law Enforcement

  Encounters with law enforcement while carrying a concealed handgun introduce another layer of complexity. While Tennessee law does not generally mandate disclosure of a concealed handgun during routine interactions, it is often advisable to do so, particularly during traffic stops. This proactive approach can help de-escalate the situation and prevent misunderstandings. Failure to disclose the presence of a firearm could raise suspicion and potentially lead to more intensive questioning. The interaction between law enforcement and a concealed carry permit holder demands careful communication and a clear understanding of both rights and responsibilities.

These various facets of concealed carry, viewed through the lens of Tennessee law, paint a picture of a carefully regulated practice. The permit serves as the linchpin, granting permission while simultaneously imposing obligations. Reciprocity agreements extend the reach of the permit while also creating potential pitfalls for the unwary traveler. Restricted zones carve out areas where even permit holders must remain unarmed. And interactions with law enforcement demand careful communication and adherence to protocol. Together, these elements shape the reality of concealed carry in Tennessee, a reality defined by both the assertion of individual rights and the acceptance of state oversight.

5. Prohibited Locations

Within Tennessee’s framework for firearm regulation, a crucial element lies in the designation of specific areas where firearms are strictly forbidden. These “Prohibited Locations” represent the state’s deliberate balancing act, acknowledging the right to bear arms while simultaneously prioritizing public safety and maintaining order in sensitive environments. These restrictions, codified within state statutes, create zones where the general allowance for firearm possession is superseded by the need to ensure security and prevent potential harm.

• Schools: Sanctuaries of Learning

  The prohibition of firearms on school grounds stands as a prominent example. This restriction, aimed at safeguarding students and educators, extends beyond classrooms to encompass school buses, athletic fields, and any property used for school-related activities. Imagine a high school wrestling match, the shouts of encouragement echoing through the gymnasium. The absence of firearms in this environment, enforced by law, reinforces the sense of security, allowing attention to remain focused on the competition, not on potential threats. This prohibition, deeply rooted in the desire to protect vulnerable populations, exemplifies the state’s commitment to fostering safe learning environments.

• Courthouses: Bastions of Justice

  Similar to schools, courthouses also fall under the umbrella of “Prohibited Locations.” The rationale is clear: these are places where justice is dispensed, disputes are resolved, and emotions can run high. Introducing firearms into this environment could easily escalate tensions, undermine the integrity of the legal process, and endanger those involved. Picture a courtroom during a heated trial, the fate of the accused hanging in the balance. The assurance that firearms are not present, enforced by security measures and legal statutes, allows the proceedings to unfold with a degree of order and safety. This prohibition reflects the state’s recognition of the unique vulnerabilities inherent in the judicial system.

• Government Buildings: Centers of Civic Life

  Many government buildings, particularly those housing sensitive functions or elected officials, are also designated as “Prohibited Locations” under Tennessee firearm laws. This restriction acknowledges the potential for these buildings to become targets for violence or disruption. The absence of firearms in these spaces helps maintain a sense of order and security, allowing government employees to carry out their duties without fear of armed threats. Consider a local city hall, where citizens gather to voice their concerns and participate in the democratic process. The prohibition of firearms within its walls contributes to an atmosphere of civility and safety, ensuring that all voices can be heard without intimidation.

• Private Property: Deference to Ownership Rights

  While the focus often rests on publicly owned spaces, Tennessee law also respects the rights of private property owners to restrict firearms on their premises. Businesses, homes, and other private spaces can be designated as “gun-free zones,” allowing owners to control the presence of firearms on their property. This aspect of “Prohibited Locations” underscores the principle of individual autonomy and the right to determine the conditions under which one’s property is used. Imagine a small business owner placing a sign at the entrance of their store, politely requesting that customers refrain from carrying firearms inside. This decision, based on their assessment of the needs and preferences of their customers, reflects the state’s deference to private property rights.

These examples, while diverse in context, share a common thread: the recognition that, in certain environments, the potential for harm outweighs the individual’s right to carry a firearm. The designation of “Prohibited Locations” within Tennessee’s firearm laws reflects a continuous effort to navigate the complex terrain of gun ownership, seeking to balance individual liberties with the collective need for safety and security. The ongoing debate surrounding these restrictions underscores the enduring challenge of reconciling competing values in a society committed to both freedom and order.

6. Assault Weapons Ban

The question of an “Assault Weapons Ban” in the context of Tennessee’s firearm regulations is not a simple affirmation or denial, but rather a nuanced exploration of what isn’t. Currently, Tennessee law does not feature a statewide ban on weapons categorized as “assault weapons.” This absence, however, is a significant data point in understanding the state’s approach to firearm regulation. The very term “assault weapon” often evokes strong reactions, conjuring images of rapid-fire rifles and high-capacity magazines. In states with such bans, these weapons are often heavily restricted, their sale and possession curtailed to varying degrees. The lack of such a ban in Tennessee creates a distinctly different reality. The practical significance is evident: individuals can legally purchase and possess firearms that would be prohibited in other jurisdictions. For example, a rifle legally sold in Tennessee might be deemed an “assault weapon” and therefore illegal to purchase across the state line in another state.

The absence of an “Assault Weapons Ban” in Tennessee is not a vacuum. It exists within a larger web of firearm laws, which, while not prohibiting these specific types of weapons, still impose regulations. Background checks are required for firearm purchases from licensed dealers, regardless of the type of weapon. Federal laws pertaining to automatic weapons remain in effect. The legal landscape is thus a complex interaction between what is not banned and what is regulated. The practical application of this understanding is critical for firearm owners in the state, preventing inadvertent violations of federal law or restrictions on where firearms can be carried, even if legally owned.

In summary, while “Assault Weapons Ban” is absent from Tennessee’s current state law, the broader context of federal regulations and other state-level restrictions creates a complex landscape. Understanding this absence is as crucial as understanding the laws that do exist. The challenge lies in staying informed about potential future legislative changes and navigating the interplay between state and federal regulations. The responsible exercise of firearm ownership demands a comprehensive understanding of not only what is permitted, but also what is prohibited, even when the prohibition exists only at the federal level or in other state jurisdictions.

7. Castle Doctrine

The “Castle Doctrine,” a cornerstone within the state’s collection of firearm regulations, asserts an individual’s right to use force, including deadly force, to defend oneself and one’s property within the confines of their home. This principle exists not in isolation, but rather as an integral part of the broader legal framework governing firearm use in Tennessee. The cause-and-effect relationship is evident: a perceived threat within one’s dwelling triggers the potential application of the doctrine, influencing the individual’s permissible response. The importance of the “Castle Doctrine” stems from its empowerment of citizens to protect themselves in situations where retreat is neither required nor necessarily safe. Consider a hypothetical scenario: an intruder forcibly enters a home late at night, brandishing a weapon. Under the “Castle Doctrine,” the homeowner is not legally obligated to flee but may, with reasonable fear for their life or safety, use deadly force to repel the intruder. This right, however, is not absolute. It hinges on the homeowner’s reasonable belief of imminent danger and the proportionality of the force used.

The practical application of the “Castle Doctrine” extends beyond the simple act of self-defense. It shapes the legal landscape surrounding justifiable homicide and significantly impacts prosecutorial decisions. Law enforcement agencies must carefully investigate incidents where the doctrine is invoked, assessing the validity of the homeowner’s claims and determining whether the use of force was indeed justified under the circumstances. Imagine a case where a homeowner shoots an unarmed intruder who had broken into their garage. The legal analysis would hinge on whether the homeowner had a reasonable fear for their life or safety, even in the absence of a visible weapon. Factors such as the time of day, the intruder’s actions, and the homeowner’s perception of the threat would all be taken into account. The “Castle Doctrine” does not grant a license to kill; it merely provides a legal framework for evaluating the legitimacy of self-defense claims within the context of one’s home.

In summary, the “Castle Doctrine” is an indispensable component of the state’s laws concerning firearms, impacting everything from an individual’s right to self-defense within their home to the legal ramifications of using deadly force. The primary challenge in understanding and applying the “Castle Doctrine” lies in the interpretation of “reasonable fear” and the proportionality of the response. The legal landscape constantly evolves through court rulings and legislative amendments. An individual’s knowledge of gun laws of tennessee is crucial for responsible firearm ownership. It is imperative that responsible firearm owners understand not only the protections afforded by the “Castle Doctrine” but also the limitations and legal responsibilities that accompany its invocation.

8. Federal Law Overlap

The narrative of firearm regulation in Tennessee is not a solo performance, but a duet, albeit sometimes dissonant, with federal law. Picture two rivers converging: the streams of state statutes and federal regulations intertwine, creating a complex current that individuals must navigate. Federal laws, enacted by Congress and enforced by federal agencies, establish a baseline for firearm regulation across the entire nation. These laws touch upon various aspects of firearm ownership, including restrictions on certain types of weapons, licensing requirements for dealers, and background checks for purchasers. The interaction between these federal mandates and Tennessee’s own statutes represents the essence of “Federal Law Overlap.” The influence of federal law is undeniable, setting the minimum standards that the state must adhere to, while simultaneously allowing the state to enact stricter regulations, so long as they don’t conflict with the federal standards.

Consider the National Firearms Act (NFA), a cornerstone of federal firearm regulation. This act governs the possession of certain types of firearms, such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles, and suppressors. These items are subject to strict registration requirements, extensive background checks, and the payment of transfer taxes. While Tennessee law may permit the ownership of some NFA items, compliance with federal regulations is mandatory. The interplay between these federal restrictions and the state’s allowance for NFA items creates a legal landscape where individuals must navigate both state and federal requirements simultaneously. A citizen in Tennessee might legally possess a suppressor, but only after complying with the federal NFA registration process and paying the required tax stamp. The federal oversight shapes the practical realities of firearm ownership in Tennessee, highlighting the interconnectedness of these regulatory domains. Further, the Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibits certain categories of individuals, such as convicted felons and those with specific domestic violence convictions, from possessing firearms. Tennessee law mirrors these restrictions, but the ultimate authority rests with the federal government. An individual prohibited under federal law is also prohibited under state law, regardless of the specifics of Tennessee’s statutes.

In conclusion, the story of firearm regulation in Tennessee cannot be fully understood without acknowledging the pervasive influence of federal law. The “Federal Law Overlap” acts as a constant presence, shaping the boundaries of state autonomy and influencing the daily realities of firearm ownership. The challenge lies in navigating this intricate web of regulations, ensuring compliance with both state and federal requirements. Responsible gun ownership in Tennessee demands not only a thorough understanding of state statutes but also a keen awareness of the overarching federal framework that underpins the entire system. The duet continues, the voices of state and federal law intertwining, creating a complex harmony that demands careful listening and informed interpretation.

Frequently Asked Questions

The path through Tennessee’s firearm regulations can appear as a dense forest, filled with winding trails and obscured signposts. To aid in navigating this complex terrain, here are answers to some frequently asked questions, illuminating key points and addressing common concerns.

Question 1: Does Tennessee require a permit to openly carry a handgun?

Imagine walking down a street in rural Tennessee. A visible handgun rests on a citizen’s hip. Under most circumstances, no permit is required for this act. Tennessee generally allows open carry without a permit, provided the individual is at least 18 years old and legally allowed to possess a firearm. However, even in this scenario, certain restrictions apply, such as prohibited locations.

Question 2: What locations are off-limits, even with a handgun carry permit?

Visualize entering a school building to attend a public event. Even with a valid handgun carry permit, carrying a firearm inside remains forbidden. Tennessee law designates numerous “prohibited locations,” including schools, courthouses, and certain government buildings. Ignoring these restrictions carries serious legal consequences.

Question 3: Does Tennessee recognize handgun carry permits from other states?

Envision crossing the border into Tennessee with a handgun carry permit from another state. Whether that permit is valid depends on reciprocity agreements. Tennessee has such agreements with many, but not all, states. It is vital to check the most current list of recognized states before traveling with a concealed handgun.

Question 4: Are background checks required for all firearm sales in Tennessee?

Picture purchasing a rifle from a licensed gun store. In this case, a background check is mandatory. However, Tennessee law does not mandate background checks for private sales between individuals, potentially creating a loophole in the system.

Question 5: What is Tennessee’s “Castle Doctrine,” and how does it apply to self-defense?

Imagine someone breaking into one’s home in the dead of night. The “Castle Doctrine” dictates that within their dwelling, one has no duty to retreat and may use necessary force, including deadly force, if they reasonably believe they are in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury. This doctrine does not apply outside one’s home, however.

Question 6: Are there restrictions on so-called “assault weapons” in Tennessee?

Consider the display of modern sporting rifles at a local gun show. Unlike some states, Tennessee does not have a statewide ban on weapons categorized as “assault weapons.” However, federal laws still apply, and certain modifications or accessories might render a firearm illegal.

In summary, navigating Tennessee’s firearm regulations demands diligence and awareness. Laws can and do change, and what is permissible today might not be tomorrow. Always consult official sources and legal counsel for the most up-to-date and accurate information.

With a clearer understanding of these frequently asked questions, the exploration continues, venturing into the implications of violating firearm laws within the state.

Navigating the Legal Landscape

Understanding the nuances of firearm regulation is paramount for every gun owner. A lack of awareness can lead to unintended legal violations, with potentially severe consequences. These tips, gleaned from observations of real-world situations, aim to illuminate the path toward responsible and lawful firearm ownership within the state.

Tip 1: Know the Boundaries of “Prohibited Locations.” A teacher, unaware of the intricacies of the law, left their handgun locked in their car while attending a school event. Even though the weapon was never brought onto school property, parking the vehicle on school grounds constituted a violation, resulting in disciplinary action. The lesson: meticulously research and understand the specific boundaries of “prohibited locations” to avoid even unintentional transgressions.

Tip 2: Verify Reciprocity Agreements When Traveling. A truck driver, accustomed to carrying a concealed handgun in their home state, failed to confirm Tennessee’s reciprocity agreements before crossing state lines. A routine traffic stop revealed the violation, leading to charges and the seizure of the firearm. The takeaway: never assume reciprocity. Always confirm the validity of a permit in every state to be visited.

Tip 3: Stay Informed About Changes in Firearm Laws. A long-time gun owner, relying on outdated information, unknowingly purchased a modified rifle that had become illegal under a recent legislative amendment. Ignorance of the law is no excuse. Regularly consult official sources and legal professionals to remain abreast of evolving regulations.

Tip 4: Exercise Caution in Private Firearm Sales. Two individuals, engaging in a private firearm sale, skipped the recommended background check process. It was later discovered that the buyer was a convicted felon, placing both parties in legal jeopardy. While not legally mandated, conducting a background check, even in private sales, is a prudent step to ensure compliance and prevent firearms from falling into the wrong hands.

Tip 5: Understand the Nuances of Self-Defense Laws. An altercation spilled onto a neighbor’s porch, leading to a homeowner brandishing a weapon. While Tennessee’s “Castle Doctrine” protects self-defense within one’s home, the circumstances surrounding the incident outside the home led to a legal challenge. Clearly understand the limits of self-defense laws and the conditions under which force is legally justifiable.

Tip 6: Secure Firearms Responsibly to Prevent Unauthorized Access. A homeowner, failing to properly secure their firearms, suffered the tragic consequence of a teenage relative gaining access to the weapon and using it in a suicide. Store firearms in a locked safe, separate from ammunition, to prevent unauthorized access, especially by children or individuals at risk.

By adhering to these tips, informed by real-world scenarios, gun owners can minimize the risk of legal missteps and promote responsible firearm ownership. Knowledge is the best defense against unintentional violations.

With a foundation of knowledge and responsible practices, we now move towards the final overview, emphasizing the importance of ongoing vigilance in adhering to the gun laws of tennessee.

The Enduring Responsibility

This exploration into firearm regulations within Tennessee has traversed complex terrain, mapping permit requirements, prohibited locations, and the ever-present influence of federal law. Each aspect, from open carry to the Castle Doctrine, represents a thread in a vast tapestry, demanding careful navigation. Omission or misunderstanding of even a single detail carries significant weight.

The narrative of responsible firearm ownership in Tennessee is not static. It requires perpetual vigilance, a commitment to staying informed amidst evolving regulations. This is not merely about legal compliance; it’s about contributing to a community where rights are respected and safety is paramount. Let every gun owner in Tennessee approach firearm ownership not just as a right, but as an enduring responsibility, ensuring that the story told is one of safety, knowledge, and unwavering respect for gun laws of tennessee.